Definition of Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
(ADHD) is a common, treatable childhood illness that can affect areas of the
brain connected to problem solving, planning ahead, understanding others’
actions and controlling impulses.
Attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood disorders and
can continue through adolescence and adulthood
ADHD has three sub-types
- Predominantly inattentive
- Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive
- Combined hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive
Predominantly Inattentive: In this sub-type the child exhibits the symptoms that are more in the
inattention category which is more than half of the total symptoms. A child
with this sub-type is likely to sit quietly but may not be paying rasp attention
and could have difficulties getting along with other children. A parent may
overlook such child and won’t know he or she has ADHD.
Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive: A child with this sub-type has more than half of the symptoms that are in the hyperactive-impulsive category. A child in
this category talks nonstop, Dash around, touching or playing
with anything and everything in sight, Have trouble sitting still (constantly in motion).
Combined
hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive: In this sub-type half the symptoms of inattentive category and half the
symptoms of hyperactive-impulsive are present.
Inattention,
hyperactivity, and impulsivity are the key behaviors of ADHD, but most children have the combined type of ADHD.
Causes:
Many
studies suggest that genes play a large role although Scientists are not sure about the cause of ADHD, Other
are;
·
Brain
injury
·
Nutrition
·
Environmental
exposures; such as being exposed to lead.
·
Sugar
·
Food
additives
·
Alcohol
and tobacco use during pregnancy
·
Premature
delivery
·
Low
birth weight
Symptoms:
·
The
primary symptoms of the condition are hyperactivity, impulsivity and
inattention.
·
Have
hard time paying attention
 |
| Her mind's in another place entirely |
·
Daydream
a lot
·
Not
seem to listen
·
Can
be easily distracted from schoolwork or play
·
Forget
things
·
Be
in constant motion or unable to stay seated
·
Squirm
or fidget
·
Talk
too much
·
Not
be able to play quietly
·
Act
and speak without thinking
·
Have
trouble taking turns
·
Interrupt
others
People with ADHD have trouble paying
attention, controlling impulsive behaviors (might act without thinking about
what the result will be), and in some cases, are overly active.
Treatment
ADHD is best treated with a combination of
medication and behavior therapy in most cases.
Behavioral therapy: It might involve
practical assistance. Clear rules, chore lists, and other structured routines
that can help the child control his or her behavior
needs to be stated.
The child could be thought how to wait their turn, share toys, and
how to ask
for help. He or she can also be thought how to read facial expressions and the
tone of voice in others, and how to respond appropriately. Children with ADHD need guidance and
understanding from their parents and teachers to reach their full potential and
to succeed in school. Sometimes, the whole family may need
therapy. Family
members can be thought how to find a better way to handle disruptive behaviors
and to encourage
behaviour changes in the child.
Medication:
Most children with ADHD may
however, be prescribed medicines like Methylphenidate (Ritalin) to curb their
hyperactivity. Though the treatment measures used may cause some stunting
of growth in children, most children catch up later on. The prognosis for
children with ADHD is usually good.
No single treatment is the answer for every
child and good treatment plans will include close monitoring, follow-ups and
any changes needed along the way.